Lumbar Puncture

What is a Lumbar Puncture?

A lumbar puncture (also called a spinal tap) is a procedure where a doctor places a thin needle into the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. This fluid can be tested to look for infections, bleeding, or other problems. Sometimes, a lumbar puncture is also used to give medicines directly into the spinal fluid.

How do you prepare for a Lumbar Puncture?

• Tell your doctor about all medicines you take, especially blood thinners or medicines that affect clotting.
• Share any medical conditions such as bleeding disorders or spine problems.
• You may be asked to fast (avoid food or drink) for a few hours before, but often you can eat and drink normally.
• Arrange for someone to drive you home afterward, since you may feel tired or sore.

Why is a Lumbar Puncture performed?

A lumbar puncture may be done to:

• Diagnose infections such as meningitis or encephalitis.
• Check for bleeding around the brain or spinal cord.
• Look for diseases like multiple sclerosis or certain cancers.
• Measure pressure inside the spinal canal.
• Give medicines such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, or anesthesia.

What can you expect during a Lumbar Puncture?

• The procedure is usually done in a hospital or ambulatory surgery center and takes about 30–45 minutes.
• You will lie on your stomach, or the doctor may have you lie on your side with knees pulled up to your chest.
• The doctor cleans your lower back and gives numbing medicine.
• A thin needle is placed between the bones in your lower spine to collect spinal fluid.
• You may feel pressure, but sharp pain is uncommon.
• Once enough fluid is collected, the needle is removed, and a small bandage is placed.

What is the follow-up like for a Lumbar Puncture?

• You’ll usually rest flat for a short time afterward.
• Some people get a headache after the procedure; drinking fluids, resting, and caffeine can help.
• You may feel mild soreness in your back for a day or two.
• Your doctor will explain the results once the spinal fluid is tested.

What are the potential risks for a Lumbar Puncture?

Most people do well, but possible risks include:

• Headache (the most common side effect).
• Back pain or soreness at the injection site.
• Bleeding or infection (rare).
• Nerve irritation causing tingling or pain in the legs (usually temporary).

Are there related tests to a Lumbar Puncture?

• Blood tests may be done at the same time to help interpret results.
• Brain imaging (CT or MRI scans) may be done before a lumbar puncture if there’s concern about swelling or pressure in the brain.
• Other neurological exams may be combined with the procedure depending on your condition.

The content above does not provide any medical diagnosis or treatment recommendations. Any information or content on this website is not intended to be a substitute for consulting with a qualified healthcare professional. You should always consult with your healthcare provider before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.