Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation

What is Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

Lumbar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a procedure used to treat chronic low back pain that comes from the small joints in the spine (facet joints). It works by using heat to burn the nerves that carry pain signals from the small joints in your lower back, called the facet joints. This can reduce pain and improve movement for several months or even up to 3 years for some patients.

How do you prepare for Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

• Tell your doctor about all medicines you take, especially blood thinners, since you may need to pause them.
• Discuss allergies to anesthetics or contrast dye.
• You will be asked to avoid food and drink after midnight. 
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing.
• Arrange for a ride home, since this procedure is under sedation.

Why is Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation performed?

• To relieve chronic low back pain that has not improved with medications, therapy, or injections.
• To help people who responded well to a diagnostic nerve block (a test injection done first to confirm the pain source).
• To reduce pain and stiffness so you can return to normal activities and exercise.
• To decrease reliance on pain medications.

What can you expect during Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

• The procedure is usually done in a pain clinic or outpatient center and takes about 60 minutes.
• You’ll lie on your stomach. The skin over your lower back is cleaned and numbed.
• The doctor uses X-ray guidance (fluoroscopy) to place small needles near the target nerves.
• A small test current may be sent to make sure the needle is in the right spot (you may feel tingling or pressure).
• The nerve area is numbed, then radiofrequency is used to heat the nerve and stop it from sending pain signals.
• Usually, several nerves are treated in the same session.
• You can go home the same day
•  However, you cannot drive after the procedure because it is under sedation.

What is the follow-up like for Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

• You may feel soreness or muscle spasms at the injection site for a few days.
• Pain relief usually begins within 1–3 weeks, once the nerve fully stops working.
• Relief can last 6–12 months, and sometimes longer.
• The nerves can regrow over time, so the procedure may need to be repeated if pain returns.
• Your doctor may recommend physical therapy to strengthen your back and improve mobility.

What are the potential risks for Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

Most side effects are mild and short-term, such as:

• Temporary soreness or bruising at the injection site.
• Numbness or tingling in the back or legs.
• Mild swelling or muscle spasms.

Less common risks include:

• Infection.
• Bleeding.
• Nerve injury (very rare).
• Persistent numbness or increased pain (uncommon).

Are there related tests to Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation?

• A diagnostic medial branch block (test injection) is usually required first to confirm the pain is coming from the facet joints.
• X-rays or MRI scans may be done beforehand to rule out other causes of back pain.
• A physical exam helps guide which nerves should be targeted.